Characteristics of the Database Approach

Database is an organized collection of structure data or information that is stored in such a way that it can be easily accessed, create, update, delete and managed.

Database management system (DBMS) is a type of software or tools that helps to manage the database. User can create, maintain, manipulate and retrieve data or information from a single table or group of interrelated table.

DBMS act as interface between user and Database.

Characteristics of the Database Approach

  Manages Information

 Databases efficiently organize and manage large volumes of data, serving as centralized repositories for various types of information.

Easy Operation Implementation

With SQL queries, databases enable straightforward execution of operations like data insertion, deletion, updating, and searching, enhancing user interaction and data manipulation capabilities.

Multiple Views of Database

Databases support the creation of tailored views catering to different user needs, presenting subsets of data based on specific criteria while maintaining data integrity.

Data for Specific Purpose

 Designed for specific applications, databases, like student management systems, store and manage data relevant to their intended use, such as student records and attendance information.

Logical Relationship between Records and Data

 Databases establish logical connections between data elements, allowing users to retrieve relevant information based on predefined conditions, enhancing data accessibility and usability.

Insulation between Program and Data

Separating data structure from application programs ensures program-data independence, meaning database structure modifications don’t require changes to accessing programs.

Self-describing Nature of a Database System

Metadata within databases describes data structures and relationships, aiding in database management tasks like optimization and maintenance.

Sharing of Data and Multiuser System

 Database concurrency control mechanisms allow multiple users simultaneous access while ensuring data consistency and integrity.

Control of Data Redundancy

Databases minimize redundancy by storing each data item once, improving performance and reducing inconsistencies through careful design and normalization.

Restriction of Unauthorized Access

 Database security measures regulate access, ensuring only authorized users can view or modify data, protecting sensitive information.

Enforcement of Integrity Constraints

 Databases enforce rules to maintain data accuracy and consistency, such as uniqueness and referential integrity constraints.

Transaction Processing

Database transactions ensure data consistency and reliability, supporting atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) properties.

Backup and Recovery Facilities

Database backup and recovery procedures safeguard against data loss and system failures, enabling restoration to a consistent state in case of emergencies.

Commonly used databases

The most commonly used databases are:

MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) known for its performance, reliability, and ease of use. It is widely used in web applications, particularly in the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) stack.

Oracle Database

A robust and feature-rich relational database management system developed by Oracle Corporation. Oracle is commonly used in enterprise-level applications, large-scale data warehousing, and mission-critical systems.

Microsoft SQL Server

SQL server is developed by Microsoft, SQL Server is a powerful relational database management system widely used in enterprise environments for data management, business intelligence, and application development.

SQLite

 A lightweight, server less relational database engine that is embedded directly into applications. It is commonly used in mobile apps, desktop applications, and small-scale projects due to its simplicity and ease of deployment.

MongoDB:

MongoDB is a leading NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. It is commonly used in modern web applications, microservices architectures, and projects requiring scalability and flexibility.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Databases

What are the 5 keys in DBMS?

Primary Key, Foreign Key, Candidate Key, Super Key, Alternate Key.

What is normalisation in DBMS?

A process to organize a database efficiently by reducing redundancy and dependency.

What is primary key in table?

A unique identifier for each record in a table, ensuring data integrity and providing a means for referencing.

What is ER diagram in DBMS?

Entity-Relationship diagram illustrating the entities, attributes, and relationships in a database model.

What is a tuple in DBMS?

A row or record in a database table, containing data for each attribute or column.

What is unique key in DBMS?

A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. Primary key is also known as unique key.

What is cursor in DBMS?

A database object used to retrieve and manipulate data row by row within a result set.

What is indexing in DBMS?

A technique to improve database performance by creating indexes on columns for faster data retrieval.

What is data redundancy?

unnecessary Repetition or Duplication of data in a database.

What is a checkpoint in DBMS?

A point in the transaction log from which recovery operations can start after a system failure.

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